我用Python做了一个小应用，使用Selenium和 Firefox。我希望在点击一个锚点时，文件能够被下载，而不是在新标签页中打开（PDF文件）。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

URL="https://no.net.com/INFO/details.xhtml"

options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()

service=webdriver.FirefoxService(executable_path='/.../geckodriver')

driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options,service=service)

driver.get(URL)

objects = driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a > span.documents-text")

print(f"Array[{len(objects)}]") # gives 3

for o in objects:
   print(o.text)
   parent = o.find_element(By.XPATH, "./..") # this element is a anchor element
   try:
      # A strange div is hiding the element
      # parent.click()    # doesnt function
      # so I must run the following
      driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", parent)
   except:
      print("-- Click failed")
      raise

每次点击都能正常执行，但有3 个PDF文件在Firefox浏览器的新标签页中被打开。

我该如何把这些文件下载下来，而不是在浏览器中打开？

解决方案

execute_script("arguments[0].click()", element) 只会触发点击。它不能控制Firefox是打开还是下载链接的文件。这个行为由Firefox的偏好设置控制。对于PDFs，通常关键的一步是禁用Firefox内置的PDF查看器，这可以通过pdfjs.disabled=True来实现。然后为application/pdf配置browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk。

你可以试试这个：

from pathlib import Path
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

URL = "https://no.net.com/INFO/details.xhtml"

download_dir = str(Path.cwd() / "downloads")
Path(download_dir).mkdir(exist_ok=True)

options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()

options.set_preference("browser.download.folderList", 2)
options.set_preference("browser.download.dir", download_dir)

options.set_preference("browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting", False)

# Save PDFs
options.set_preference(
    "browser.helperApps.neverAsk.saveToDisk",
    "application/pdf,application/octet-stream"
)

#disable Firefox's built-in PDF viewer
options.set_preference("pdfjs.disabled", True)

driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)

driver.get(URL)

objects = driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a > span.documents-text")

for o in objects:
    parent = o.find_element(By.XPATH, "./..")
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", parent)