@PersistenceContext如何在多线程环境中处理,特别是在EntityManager与 Session方面
我遇到了一个问题,正在努力弄清楚发生了什么。据我所知,使用@PersistenceContext会在我的类中注入一个EntityManager。它应该是线程感知的,通过使用ThreadLocal把EntityManager绑定到一个线程。然而,看看我的代码:
package org.example.service;
import org.example.entity.Account;
import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager;
import jakarta.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Service
public class AccountParallelService {
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
@Transactional
public void updateAccountAsync(Long accountId, String newName) {
Session session = entityManager.unwrap(Session.class);
org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl realSession =
entityManager.unwrap(org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.class);
System.out.println("Session code: " +entityManager.unwrap(Session.class).hashCode());
System.out.println("Thread code: " + Thread.currentThread().hashCode());
System.out.println("Entity " + entityManager.hashCode());
System.out.println("realSession " + System.identityHashCode(realSession));
Account acc = entityManager.find(Account.class, accountId);
if (acc != null) {
acc.setFirstName(newName);
entityManager.merge(acc);
}
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
}
当我用三个线程来调用这个方法时,它确实在三条不同的线程上执行成功。然而,它会打印出Session和EntityManager的哈希码相同,尽管SessionImpl的哈希码对每个线程来说都是不同的。
我看到一个朋友写了类似的代码,在那里Session的哈希码对每个线程都不同,但不幸的是,我没有他的代码可供比较。我是Spring的新手,仍在学习。
package org.example;
import org.example.service.AccountParallelService;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Starting Spring Application Context...");
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
AccountParallelService parallelService = context.getBean(AccountParallelService.class);
try {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
List<Callable<Void>> tasks = new ArrayList<>();
tasks.add( () -> { parallelService.updateAccountAsync(1L, "Thread_Name_1"); return null; });
tasks.add(() -> { parallelService.updateAccountAsync(2L, "Thread_Name_2"); return null; });
tasks.add(() -> { parallelService.updateAccountAsync(3L, "Thread_Name_3"); return null; });
service.invokeAll(tasks);
service.shutdown();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
System.out.println("\nShutting down Spring Context...");
context.close();
}
}
}
the out put
Session code: 62790143
Session code: 62790143
Thread code: 498198174
Session code: 62790143
Thread code: 2143293285
Entity 62790143
Thread code: 95675270
Entity 62790143
realSession 1071349779
realSession 620176498
Entity 62790143
realSession 105967982
解决方案
首先,entityManager是由Spring Framework注入的一个代理对象:
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;
这是一个供所有线程共享的代理对象,属于单例。
让我们看看:
log.info("thread: {} - em.toStr: {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), entityManager);
log.info("thread: {} - em.class: {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), entityManager.getClass());
// output:
thread: pool-2-thread-2 em.toStr: Shared EntityManager proxy for target factory [org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean@1978d891]
thread: pool-2-thread-1 em.toStr: Shared EntityManager proxy for target factory [org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean@1978d891]
thread: pool-2-thread-2 em.class: class jdk.proxy1.$Proxy189
thread: pool-2-thread-1 em.class: class jdk.proxy1.$Proxy189
原因如下:在使用entityManager时,代理会先检查当前线程是否已经关联了一个Hibernate会话。
如果已关联,则会使用该会话。
如果没有,则会创建一个新的会话。
使用unwrap方法不会返回会话,但仍然是同一个代理:
Session session = entityManager.unwrap(Session.class);
log.info("unwrapped tostr: {}", session);
log.info("unwrapped class: {}", session.getClass());
// output
unwrapped tostr: Shared EntityManager proxy for target factory [org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean@1978d891]
unwrapped class: class jdk.proxy1.$Proxy189
只有在我们使用entityManager从数据库获取东西时,才会创建一个新会话或检索已绑定到线程的会话:
Person p = entityManager.find(Person.class, id);
entityManager.find调用SharedEntityManagerCreator.invoke()
在SharedEntityManagerCreator.invoke()内会发生以下情况:
...
// Determine current EntityManager: either the transactional one
// managed by the factory or a temporary one for the given invocation.
EntityManager target = EntityManagerFactoryUtils.doGetTransactionalEntityManager(
this.targetFactory, this.properties, this.synchronizedWithTransaction);
...
if (target == null) {
logger.debug("Creating new EntityManager for shared EntityManager invocation");
target = (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(this.properties) ?
this.targetFactory.createEntityManager(this.properties) :
this.targetFactory.createEntityManager()); // -- HERE --
isNewEm = true;
}
上述标记的代码中创建的真正的entityManager如下:
this.targetFactory.createEntityManager()
在Hibernate的情形下,创建的entityManager是SessionImpl类的对象。
所有操作都将使用这个特定的SessionImpl实例来执行,而这个实例对每个线程来说都是不同的。